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test by law

  • 1 experior

    ex-pĕrĭor, pertus ( act. experiero, Varr. L. L. 8, 9, 24 dub.), 4, v. dep. a. [ex- and root per-; Sanscr. par-, pi-parmi, conduct; Gr. peraô, pass through; poros, passage; peira, experience; Lat. porta, portus, peritus, periculum; Germ. fahren, erfahren; Eng. fare, ferry], to try a thing; viz., either by way of testing or of attempting it.
    I.
    To try, prove, put to the test.
    A.
    In tempp. praes. constr. with the acc., a rel. clause, or absol.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    habuisse aiunt domi (venenum), vimque ejus esse expertum in servo quodam ad eam rem ipsam parato,

    Cic. Cael. 24, 58:

    taciturnitatem nostram,

    id. Brut. 65, 231:

    amorem alicujus,

    id. Att. 16, 16, C, 1:

    his persuaserant, uti eandem belli fortunam experirentur,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 16, 3:

    judicium discipulorum,

    Quint. 2, 5, 12:

    in quo totas vires suas eloquentia experiretur,

    id. 10, 1, 109:

    imperium,

    Liv. 2, 59, 4:

    cervi cornua ad arbores subinde experientes,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 117 et saep.—

    With a personal object: vin' me experiri?

    make trial of me, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 29:

    hanc experiamur,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 12 Ruhnk.:

    tum se denique errasse sentiunt, cum eos (amicos) gravis aliquis casus experiri cogit,

    Cic. Lael. 22, 84:

    in periclitandis experiendisque pueris,

    id. Div. 2, 46, 97.—So with se. reflex., to make trial of one's powers in any thing:

    se heroo (versu),

    Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 3 [p. 694] variis se studiorum generibus, id. ib. 9, 29, 1:

    se in foro,

    Quint. 12, 11, 16.—
    (β).
    With a rel.-clause, ut, etc.: vosne velit an me regnare era quidve ferat Fors, Virtute experiamur, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204, ed. Vahl.):

    lubet experiri, quo evasuru'st denique,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93:

    experiri libet, quantum audeatis,

    Liv. 25, 38, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 1, 1:

    in me ipso experior, ut exalbescam, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; cf. with si:

    expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

    Val. Fl. 5, 562.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    experiendo magis quam discendo cognovi,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

    judicare difficile est sane nisi expertum: experiendum autem est in ipsa amicitia: ita praecurrit amicitia judicium tollitque experiendi potestatem,

    id. Lael. 17, 62.—
    B.
    In the tempp. perf., to have tried, tested, experienced, i. e. to find or know by experience:

    benignitatem tuam me experto praedicas,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 18:

    omnia quae dico de Plancio, dico expertus in nobis,

    Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

    experti scire debemus, etc.,

    id. Mil. 26, 69:

    illud tibi expertus promitto,

    id. Fam. 13, 9, 3:

    dicam tibi, Catule, non tam doctus, quam, id quod est majus, expertus,

    id. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

    puellae jam virum expertae,

    Hor. C. 3, 14, 11; 4, 4, 3; cf. Quint. 6, 5, 7:

    mala captivitatis,

    Sulp. Sev. 2, 22, 5:

    id opera expertus sum esse ita,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 3:

    expertus sum prodesse,

    Quint. 2, 4, 13:

    expertus, juvenem praelongos habuisse sermones,

    id. 10, 3, 32:

    ut frequenter experti sumus,

    id. 1, 12, 11.—

    Rarely in other tenses: et exorabile numen Fortasse experiar,

    may find, Juv. 13, 103.—
    C.
    To make trial of, in a hostile sense, to measure strength with, to contend with:

    ut interire quam Romanos non experiri mallet,

    Nep. Ham. 4, 3:

    maritimis moribus mecum experitur,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 11:

    ipsi duces cominus invicem experti,

    Flor. 3, 21, 7; 4, 10, 1; cf.:

    hos cum Suevi, multis saepe bellis experti, finibus expellere non potuissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 4:

    Turnum in armis,

    Verg. A. 7, 434.
    II. A.
    In gen.:

    qui desperatione debilitati experiri id nolent, quod se assequi posse diffidant. Sed par est omnes omnia experiri, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 1, 4; cf.:

    istuc primum experiar,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 47:

    omnia experiri certum est, priusquam pereo,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 11:

    omnia prius quam, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 78, 1:

    extrema omnia,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; cf.

    also: sese omnia de pace expertum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 57, 2:

    libertatem,

    i. e. to make use of, enjoy, Sall. J. 31, 5:

    late fusum opus est et multiplex, etc.... dicere experiar,

    Quint. 2, 13, 17:

    quod quoniam me saepius rogas, aggrediar, non tam perficiundi spe quam experiundi voluntate,

    Cic. Or. 1, 2.—With ut and subj.:

    nunc si vel periculose experiundum erit, experiar certe, ut hinc avolem,

    Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:

    experiri, ut sine armis propinquum ad officium reduceret,

    Nep. Dat. 2, 3.—
    B.
    In partic., jurid. t. t., to try or test by law, to go to law:

    aut intra parietes aut summo jure experietur,

    Cic. Quint. 11, 38; cf.:

    in jus vocare est juris experiundi causa vocare,

    Dig. 2, 4, 1; 47, 8, 4:

    a me diem petivit: ego experiri non potui: latitavit,

    Cic. Quint. 23, 75; Liv. 40, 29, 11:

    sua propria bona malaque, cum causae dicendae data facultas sit, tum se experturum,

    Liv. 3, 56, 10:

    postulare ut judicium populi Romani experiri (liceat),

    id. ib. —Hence,
    1.
    expĕrĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II.), experienced, enterprising, active, industrious (class.):

    homo gnavus et industrius, experientissimus ac diligentissimus arator,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

    promptus homo et experiens,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 17, §

    37: vir fortis et experiens,

    id. Clu. 8, 23:

    vir acer et experiens,

    Liv. 6, 34, 4:

    comes experientis Ulixei,

    Ov. M. 14, 159:

    ingenium,

    id. Am. 1, 9, 32. —With gen.:

    genus experiens laborum,

    inured to, patient of, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    rei militaris experientissimi duces,

    Arn. 2, 38 init.; cf. Vulg. 2 Macc. 8, 9.— Comp. appears not to occur.—
    2.
    expertus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), in pass. signif., tried, proved, known by experience (freq. after the Aug. per.):

    vir acer et pro causa plebis expertae virtutis,

    Liv. 3, 44, 3:

    per omnia expertus,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    indignitates homines expertos,

    id. 24, 22, 2:

    dulcedo libertatis,

    id. 1, 17, 3:

    industria,

    Suet. Vesp. 4:

    artes,

    Tac. A. 3, 17: saevitia, Prop. 1, 3, 18:

    confidens ostento sibi expertissimo,

    Suet. Tib. 19.—With gen.:

    expertos belli juvenes,

    Verg. A. 10, 173; cf. Tac. H. 4, 76.— Comp. and adv. appear not to occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > experior

  • 2 experior

        experior pertus, īrī, dep.    [1 PAR-], to try, prove, test, experience, endure: hanc nunc experiamur, T: eos (amicos): vim eius (veneni) esse in servo: eandem belli fortunam, Cs.: laborem, V.: procos priores, seek to win back, V.: quidve ferat Fors, Virtute experiamur: quantum audeatis, L.: experiundo scies, T.: experiendo cognovi: In experiundo ut essem, i. e. might have a full trial, T.: exorabile numen Fortasse experiar, may find, Iu. —In perf, to have tried, have learned, have experienced, know by experience: expertus es istius perfidiam: quod genus nullo telo traici posse, Cs.: metum fecerant expertis Gallicā clade, L.: expertus (eum) fidelem in Ganymede, H.: experto credite, quantus adsurgat, V.: expertus bellis animus, Ta. — To measure strength with, contend with: ut interire quam Romanos non experiri mallet, N.: Turnum in armis, V.— To try, undertake, attempt, make trial, undergo, experience: Bis terque expertus frustra, H.: Omnia priusquam armis, resort to everything before using, T.: omnia de pace: extremum auxilium, the last resort, Cs.: extrema omnia, S.: (terram) colendo facilem, find, V.: iudicium populi R., submit to, L.: experiar certe, ut hinc avolem: ut sine armis reduceret, etc., N.: vi contra vim experiundum putavit.— To try by law, go to law: Caecinae placuit experiri: alquid summo iure, submit to trial.
    * * *
    experiri, expertus sum V DEP
    test, put to the test; find out; attempt, try; prove, experience

    Latin-English dictionary > experior

  • 3 necessaria

    nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.
    I.
    Lit.:

    necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

    illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

    id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

    necessaria conclusio,

    id. Top. 16, 60:

    leges fatales et necessariae,

    id. Univ. 12:

    omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

    id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

    ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

    id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

    castra ponere necessarium visum est,

    Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

    necessariā re coactus,

    by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

    cum longius necessario procederent,

    farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

    res magis necessariae,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

    res maxime necessaria,

    id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

    necessarior medela,

    Tert. Patient. 11:

    necessarior sententia,

    id. Test. Anim. 4:

    necessariores operas,

    id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

    aliquid necessarius,

    id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

    Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

    Curt. 5, 12, 6:

    plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

    Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—
    * B.
    In partic.:

    necessariae partes,

    the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—
    II.
    Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.
    (α).
    Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

    homo,

    of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

    ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

    Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—
    (β).
    Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

    L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

    in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

    id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

    virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

    id. Mur. 35, 73:

    Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

    id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.
    1.
    nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

    necessarie demonstrari,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

    comparato cibo,

    Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—
    2.
    nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

    necessario reviviscere,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

    quibuscum vivo necessario,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

    quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

    copias parat,

    Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > necessaria

  • 4 necessarius

    nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non [p. 1195] possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.
    I.
    Lit.:

    necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium;

    illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est,

    id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

    necessaria conclusio,

    id. Top. 16, 60:

    leges fatales et necessariae,

    id. Univ. 12:

    omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam,

    id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.—So without dat., = necesse est:

    ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas,

    id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22:

    castra ponere necessarium visum est,

    Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216:

    necessariā re coactus,

    by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16:

    cum longius necessario procederent,

    farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16:

    res magis necessariae,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

    res maxime necessaria,

    id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

    necessarior medela,

    Tert. Patient. 11:

    necessarior sententia,

    id. Test. Anim. 4:

    necessariores operas,

    id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31:

    aliquid necessarius,

    id. Carn. Christ. 7 med. — Subst.: nĕcessārĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life:

    Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt,

    Curt. 5, 12, 6:

    plebes sic adcensa uti... sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent,

    Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.—
    * B.
    In partic.:

    necessariae partes,

    the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.—
    II.
    Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.
    (α).
    Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so,

    homo,

    of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6:

    ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas,

    Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.—
    (β).
    Subst.: nĕcessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.:

    L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

    in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum,

    id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend:

    virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

    id. Mur. 35, 73:

    Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi,

    id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.—Hence, adv.
    1.
    nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily:

    necessarie demonstrari,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44:

    comparato cibo,

    Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.—
    2.
    nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form):

    necessario reviviscere,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

    quibuscum vivo necessario,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 1:

    quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

    copias parat,

    Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > necessarius

  • 5 perīculum or (poet.) perīclum

       perīculum or (poet.) perīclum ī, n    [1 PAR-], a trial, experiment, attempt, test, proof, essay: fac periculum in litteris, T.: priusquam periclum faceret, Cs.: meae fidei periculum facere. — An attempt, essay: in isto periculo veritatem exigere (of a poem).— Risk, hazard, danger, peril: Non fit sine periclo facinus magnum, T.: salus sociorum summum in periculum vocatur: obire pericula ac labores, L.: periculum adire capitis, run the risk of life: suscipere, take upon oneself: facessere innocenti: aliis facere, S.: si mihi periculum crearetur ab eo: periculis vobiscum adero, S.: erat magni periculi res dimicare, etc., Cs.: non est periculum, ne id facere non possit: in periculum se committere, get into danger: extrahere ex periculo, release from danger: esse in periculo: a securi negat ei periculum esse, that danger threatens him: meo periculo, at my risk.—A trial, action, suit at law: meus labor in privatorum periculis: hunc in periculis defendere, N.— A judicial record, judgment-roll: petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent, etc., N.: pericula magistratuum.

    Latin-English dictionary > perīculum or (poet.) perīclum

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